逾越節 是猶太人最重要的節日之一，在每年的三月底到四月之間，為期七天。逾越節是個大節日，也就是說，有很多規定、有很多該做的事，很複雜，但也很精彩。
逾越節 的由來
雅各與他的兒子們為了逃避饑荒，去到了埃及，隨著時間過去，他們的後代也越來越多。四百年後，新的法老王覺得人數眾多的以色列人可能對國家帶來威脅，不只下令殺死他們的男嬰，還讓以色列人都成為奴隸，為埃及人做苦工。
上帝要救以色列人脫離艱苦的奴隸生活，所以派了摩西去見法老，要求讓以色列人離開埃及，但是法老不肯放他們走。
於是，上帝連續降下了九個災難，卻仍然無法改變法老的決定。最後，上帝用了第十個、也是最嚴重的災難，那就是擊殺所有的長子。
當然，上帝只想要殺埃及人的長子，因此，事先讓摩西告訴以色列人他們該做的事。在這天晚上，每個以色列家庭都要宰殺一頭羊，然後把羊的血塗在門楣上，作為記號，這樣一來，這家的長子就可以免於被殺。晚餐要吃烤羊肉、無酵餅、苦菜，而且，他們必須準備好，以便隨時起行離開埃及。
當晚，以色列人在摩西的帶領下出發離開埃及，後來遇到法老的軍隊追趕，也就是非常有名的神蹟——分開紅海的故事，以色列人成功地甩掉法老和埃及人，脫離了奴隸的生活，並前往他們的應許之地。
・ 逾越節的意義
逾越節的希伯來文是פסח(Pesach)，英文是Passover，都是越過、跨過的意思，就是取自「上帝擊殺了埃及所有的長子，卻越過了以色列人的家」。
逾越節除了紀念這件事之外，也是紀念上帝將以色列人從奴隸生活拯救出來，以及以色列人離開埃及這一連串的經歷。
逾越節 必須做的事
－ 除酵
當以色列人要離開埃及時，在非常倉促的逃難情況之下，他們沒有時間讓麵團發酵，然後做成美味、花俏的麵包，只能將沒有發酵過的麵團烤成餅來吃。
為了紀念以色列人離開埃及，包括他們當時的匆忙、緊迫，逾越節時，不僅不能吃有酵的食物，家裡也不能有任何有酵的食物。
逾越節開始前的早上，猶太人會把家裡所有有酵的食物都清理出來。除了廚房、餐廳之外，因為可能有麵包屑之類的東西掉在椅子底下、角落等隱密的地方，所以整個房子都要打掃一遍，有點大掃除的概念。
傳統上，家裡這些有酵的食物應該用火燒掉，不過，也有人拿去送給非猶太人，至少他們可以吃，不會浪費。
＊ 有酵食物 Chametz
所謂有酵的食物叫做“chametz”，不單是指像麵包這種放了酵母的食物，大麥、小麥、燕麥、黑麥這幾種會自然發酵的穀類也是chametz，所以它們的製品像是蛋糕、餅乾、義大利麵、啤酒這些都算是有酵食物。
到底什麼食物是chametz、什麼不是，真的有點太複雜了，連猶太人自己也不一定能分辨。總之，去買東西時，如果標注著“kosher for passover”，那就是逾越節可以吃的食物啦！
－ 逾越節晚餐 Seder
逾越節時，每個猶太家庭要殺一隻羊羔在聖殿獻祭，這是必須要做且非常重要的一件事，也是整個節日的核心。然而，第二聖殿被毀了之後，加上猶太人後來四散到世界各地，逾越節時是不可能去聖殿獻祭了，所以才發展出目前慶祝逾越節的方式。
現在，逾越節的重心地點由聖殿轉成自己家中，而最重要的事也從獻祭變成了逾越節的晚餐（Seder）。逾越節第一天的晚上，猶太人會在家中舉行晚餐的儀式，通常邀請所有家人和朋友一起，是個盛大的晚宴。
逾越節晚餐有大魚大肉和美酒，更有一長串要遵循的步驟，當中除了吃喝之外，也有禱告、祝福，還有大部分猶太節日都很重視的——講述歷史，總之，逾越節晚餐像是一個正式的典禮，流程很多，絕無冷場。
看看逾越節晚餐大全：《一次了解逾越節晚餐在做什麼 Seder 101》
逾越節 必吃的食物
－ 無酵餅 Matzah
貫穿整個逾越節的靈魂人物絕對是“無酵餅（matzah/matzo）”！
由於不能吃有酵的食物，無酵餅是逾越節時唯一的主食。雖然吃起來乾乾的，還沒什麼味道，但仍是這個節日最重要的食物。
無酵餅的做法非常的簡單，麵粉加水揉成團，桿平後烤熟。不過，製作時要注意，動作必須得快，從揉成麵團到烤之間的時間不能超過18分鐘，不然麵團會開始發酵，那就不符合「無酵」的標準了。
有些猶太人會自己做無酵餅，不過，在逾越節時，以色列到處都有賣現成的無酵餅，工廠大量生產的，方便又便宜；而在世界其他國家，只要有猶太社區的地方，大概也都可以買到無酵餅。
▼ 現成的無酵餅，一片是邊長約30公分的正方形，一包就有十片，可以吃很久。
逾越節的七天裡，無酵餅會出現在任何地方、任何時候，甚至以任何形式。平常早餐應該吃麵包配沙拉的，現在改成無酵餅配沙拉；平常在小餅乾上加起司吃，現在改成在無酵餅上加起司；平常甜點是巧克力蛋糕的，現在則是吃無酵餅塗巧克力醬。
☀ Lucy’s tip:
我在kibbutz過逾越節時，老闆給了一個很由衷的建議：不要每天都吃無酵餅，或著，要吃就要喝比平常多很多的水，不然，逾越節結束時，你第一天吃的無酵餅都還會在肚子裡。
－ 無酵餅丸子湯 Matzo ball soup
無酵餅不是不好吃，只是如果一整個星期都乾啃無酵餅，那真的太無趣也太可怕了。因此，猶太人想出了一些無酵餅的吃法，除了把一整片無酵餅當成麵包、餅乾來用之外，最傳統的就是「無酵餅丸子湯」啦。
無酵餅丸子湯是逾越節必吃的食物，也是逾越節晚餐一定會有的菜色。磨碎的無酵餅加上蛋、油、高湯，攪拌成麵團狀，然後用手搓成約乒乓球的大小，放進已經熬好的雞湯裡煮熟。除了無酵餅丸子之外，湯裡還有雞肉、紅蘿蔔、芹菜等配料。
我並不特別喜歡無酵餅丸子湯，雖然湯本身很好喝，但是，無酵餅丸子沒有肉丸、魚丸的鮮美，也沒有一般麵食的嚼勁，吃起來像是一團泡軟了的麵包碎，真的讓我不知道怎麼欣賞，我覺得直接拿無酵餅沾雞湯可能還會更好吃一點。
有很多人非常喜歡無酵餅丸子湯，除了真心覺得美味之外，大概也因為只有逾越節才吃的到，一整年都在等，當然會讓無酵餅丸子湯變得更特別、更有價值了。
每個猶太節日都少不了一些美味的食物，每次過節都會被餵得飽飽的，只有逾越節比較特別，可以說是完全相反，沒什麼東西可以吃，我感覺自己都要瘦了。
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